Cloud


How to reclaim storage space on Oracle Autonomous Database

Man shall pay only for what it uses. This is also a motto of the Cloud and Oracle with second-level billing pushes this model.

Concerning disk space, however, it is not always easy. While terabyte prices are getting cheaper, sometimes you make a big cleanup of your database and then you would like to pay only for what is being used.

On Oracle Autonomous Databases it is the sum of datafiles size that counts.

Image now that you have a huge table and then drop it. The datafile space is not recovered.

In order to recover space you need:

  • Purge the recycle bin:

SQL> purge dba_recyclebin

  • reduce size of DATA tablespace datafile

SQL> alter database datafile <file_id> resize yyyM;

Now, this will be possible only if there are no extents used at the end of the datafile. Otherwise, one can try to alter table <table_name> move online; and then alter tablespace <tbs_name> coalesce; but this is not sure to help.

During my tests I only had one table, which made things easier.

Let’s hope that Oracle either changes the way to calculate the space used or provides a way to (continuous) defragment a datafile and make the size dynamic.

To check the storage used on Autonomous Database and find the datafile file_id, you can run the following query:

-- Get Space used by tablespace and file_id
select TBS "File_ID-Tablespace",
  round(sum(bytes)/1024/1024/1024,2) USED_GB,
  round(sum(bytes)/max(PROPERTY_VALUE)*100) PCT 
from
  (select file_id||'-'||tablespace_name TBS, bytes 
    from DBA_DATA_FILES
    where tablespace_name!='SAMPLESCHEMA'),
  (select PROPERTY_VALUE 
    from DATABASE_PROPERTIES 
    where PROPERTY_NAME = 'MAX_PDB_STORAGE')
group by rollup(TBS);

FILE_ID-TABLESPACE USED_GB PCT 
------------------ ------- --- 
3252-SYSTEM           0.41   2 
3253-SYSAUX           3.16  16 
3254-UNDOTBS1         0.44   2 
3255-DATA              0.1   0 
3256-DBFS_DATA         0.1   0 
                       4.2  21 

-- Get Total space used by DB
select round(USED_BYTES/1024/1024/1024,2) USED_GB,
  round(MAX_BYTES/1024/1024/1024,2) MAX_GB,
  round(USED_BYTES/MAX_BYTES*100,2) PCT_USED 
from
  (select PROPERTY_VALUE MAX_BYTES
    from DATABASE_PROPERTIES 
    where PROPERTY_NAME = 'MAX_PDB_STORAGE'),
  (select sum(BYTES) USED_BYTES
    from DBA_DATA_FILES 
    where TABLESPACE_NAME != 'SAMPLESCHEMA');

USED_GB MAX_GB PCT_USED 
------- ------ -------- 
    4.2     20    21.01 

.anjo


Oracle Cloud: what parameters make ATP different from ADW?

Using the Free Tier of Oracle Cloud I created one Autonomous DB of each type – one Autonomous Transaction Processing and one Autonomous Data Warehouse (Autonomous JSON are not yet available). Then did run

select name, display_value
from v$parameter
where isdefault='FALSE'
order by 1;

on each of the DBs, I got the follow differences (empty means not set):

ParameterATPADW
optimizer_ignore_hintsTRUE
optimizer_ignore_parallel_hintsTRUE
parallel_degree_policyAUTO
parallel_min_degreeCPU
pdb_lockdownOLTPDWCS
pga_aggregate_target3000M5100M
resource_manager_planFORCE:OLTP_PLANFORCE:DWCS_PLAN
result_cache_max_result1
result_cache_modeMANUALFORCE
sga_target8000M3400M

Both the databases (PDB) share the same Container (CDB).

I did check also

select *
from database_properties;

but there are no initial state differences.

Something I found interesting. I had a 2-month old ATP when I created the ADW. Immediately I saw that my old ATP was not using ASM, compared to the ADW, also that ADW was a cluster DB while the old ATP was single instance.

I recreated the ATP to check if this remained. But no. My new ATP was co-located on the same database as the ADW, so parameters are mostly the same as we could see above.

For historical reasons, I leave here the parameter changes between ATP created in June and end-August 2020. For paths, only the differences are highlighted:

parameterATP June 2020ATP August 2020
audit_file_dest/u01/…/u02/…
cluster_databaseFALSETRUE
control_files/u01/…,/u05/…+DATA/…,+RECO/….
db_create_file_dest/u01/app/oracle/oradata+DATA
db_nameFBPOD1feio1pod
db_recovery_file_dest/u05/fra+RECO
de_recovery_file_dest_size571558474874921167764M
diagnostic_dest/u01/app/oracle/u02/app/oracle
drcp_connection_limit600
external_keystore_credential/u01/…/wallets/tde_seps+DATA/encrypt_wallet/tde_seps
gcs_server_processes04
instance_number2
log_archive_dest_1LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST MANDATORY
log_archive_dest_state_4ENABLE
log_archive_dest_state_5ENABLE
log_archive_dest_state_6ENABLE
max_pdbs4096
processes2000040000
sga_max_size321G301G
thread2

Impact of Azure-Oracle OCI interconnect on a multi-cloud solution 3

Introduction

Oracle and Microsoft announced in June 2019 a cloud interoperability partnership which enables workloads across Microsoft Azure and Oracle Cloud. By creating a first joint multi-cloud solution, the software giants can each continue to provide the best of their services. At the same time customers do not need to decide which vendor they opt-out when moving their on-premises constructs.

Being myself an Oracle Database Administrator, this article aims to check what is the impact of distributing resources in multiple clouds, with databases remaining on Oracle Cloud Infrastructure.

It is not aim of the article to discuss the costs of resources on any of the clouds.

(more…)

SSH tips & tricks

These days I’ve been playing with Oracle Cloud and Azure. It is best practice to have a bastion or jumphost server with public IP address and all the rest on private networks, only accessible internally.

Also, there is no use of passwords and only the ssh public key of the user is located on the servers. Usually this is what we try to do:

To start with, I use MobaXterm to access my servers. There I’ve configured my SSH private keys to be loaded:

MobaXterm configuration menu for SSH

Connect to jumphost server and take SSH key

Use the -A option when connecting:

ssh -A opc@bastion-server

Then you can do ssh to the next server in the private subnet without password. Example of not using and using this option:

Connect to private server via jumphost directly

For this we use both -A and -J options:

ssh -A -J opc@bastion-server opc@private-server

SCP directly to private server via JumpHost

Here we have to use a ProxyJump option of scp in this case:

scp -o 'ProxyJump opc@bastion-server' file.zip opc@private-server:~/